Dimensionamento da carga térmica do ar-condicionado: entenda!
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Um edifício, apartamento ou sala recebe calor de muitas fontes. Ocupantes internos, computadores, copiadoras, máquinas e iluminação produzem calor.
O ar quente do lado de fora entra pelas portas e janelas abertas, ou como ‘vazamento’ pela estrutura. No entanto, a maior fonte de calor é a radiação solar do sol, batendo no telhado e nas paredes, e entrando pelas janelas, aquecendo as superfícies internas.
A soma de todas essas fontes de calor é conhecida como ganho de calor (ou carga de calor) que é expressa em BTU (British Thermal Units). Continue a leitura e saiba mais!
Como funciona o dimensionamento?
Para que um ar-condicionado resfrie o ambiente, sua saída de ar frio deve ser maior que o ganho de calor.
É importante antes de comprar um ar-condicionado que um cálculo de carga de calor seja realizado para garantir que seja grande o suficiente para a aplicação pretendida.
Como realizar os cálculos de carga de calor?
Existem vários métodos diferentes de calcular a carga de calor para uma determinada área. Para o cálculo da carga térmica, é necessário realizar um levantamento de todos os cômodos da edificação e identificar todas as fontes de calor presentes.
Então, com base na carga de calor calculada, o projetista de AVAC recomenda o tipo de sistema de ar-condicionado adequado para a aplicação e sua capacidade necessária.
Essa abordagem ajuda os proprietários a evitar sistemas superdimensionados com custos iniciais e operacionais mais altos do que o necessário, e também sistemas subdimensionados que fornecem refrigeração insuficiente.
Cálculo para escritórios
Para escritórios com isolamento e iluminação médios, dois a três ocupantes e três a quatro computadores pessoais e impressora, os seguintes cálculos serão suficientes.
Carga térmica (BTU) = Comprimento x Largura x Altura x 4.
Carga térmica (BTU) = Comprimento (m) x Largura (m) x Altura (m) x 141.
Para cada ocupante adicional, adicione 500 BTU.
Se houver fontes adicionais significativas de calor, por exemplo, janelas do chão ao teto voltadas para o sul ou equipamentos que produzem muito calor, o método acima irá subestimar a carga de calor.
O que devo levar em conta para dimensionamento da carga térmica do ar-condicionado?
Um cálculo de carga de calor mais preciso para qualquer tipo de sala pode ser feito da seguinte forma.
O ganho de calor de um ambiente depende de fatores como:
- tamanho da área que está sendo resfriada;
- tamanho e a posição das janelas, e se elas têm sombreamento;
- número de ocupantes;
- calor gerado por equipamentos e máquinas;
- calor gerado pela iluminação.
Assim, calcule o ganho de calor de cada item individual e somando-os, um valor preciso da carga de calor pode ser determinado.
Qual a importância do dimensionamento da carga térmica?
Um exemplo da importância do dimensionamento da carga térmica do ar-condicionado é no ambiente industrial. Lá, geralmente há processos nos quais o controle de temperatura é fundamental.
Assim sendo, o mau dimensionamento da carga térmica prevista pode alterar drástica e diretamente a produtividade, ou até mesmo a qualidade do produto final.
Por isso, contratar os serviços de um profissional pode parecer uma despesa, mas na verdade é um investimento. Um sistema AVAC bem projetado atende à carga de resfriamento do ambiente que atende a um custo de propriedade ideal.
E se você gostou destas informações compartilhe em suas redes sociais para que mais pessoas possam conhecer!
Foi de grande ajuda para o meu repertório, obrigado…
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